MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

On February 4, 2013, a scientific meeting was held dedicated to the memory of Yu. A. Rubinchik, an outstanding Russian Iranian scholar who died on December 16, 2013 at the age of ninety. It was organized by the Institute of Oriental Studies in cooperation with the Cultural Representation at the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation. The meeting was attended by Yuri Rubinchik's colleagues from the Institute, as well as from other scientific and practical organizations, his fellow students from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages of the Red Army, and representatives of the Iranian side.

The name of Yu. A. Rubinchik occupies a special place among the Iranian scientists of Russia. He is the author of 8 monographs, more than 130 scientific articles on a wide range of problems of modern Persian linguistics, the head of the author's team and the responsible editor of the two-volume Persian-Russian dictionary, which was awarded prizes both in Russia and in Iran. His brilliant scientific work "Grammar of the Modern Persian Literary Language" was translated into Persian in Iran and in 2009 was awarded the prestigious Farabi International Prize, focused on achievements in the field of humanities and Islamic studies. Yu. A. Rubinchik was active in teaching - first at the VIIA KA, later at the ISAA at Moscow State University and later at the University of Moscow. HAZE. As an excellent scientist and teacher, he has trained more than 20 candidates of science who work not only in our country, but also abroad.

Before the meeting, a film dedicated to Yu. A. Rubinchik was shown, prepared by S. M. Ravandi-Fadai (IB RAS) on the basis of archival documents and photographs of his family. The meeting was opened by N. M. Mammadova, Head of the Iran Sector of the Center for the Study of BSV Countries of the Institute of Islamic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who noted the contribution of Yu.A. Rubinchik to modern Iranian science. She emphasized his active cooperation with the Iranian sector, participation in conferences held by the sector, and sector publications. A. Ebrahimi Torkaman, head of the Cultural Representation at the Iranian Embassy in Russia, noted that Yu. A. Rubinchik's scientific activities and works are widely known in Iran. This, in particular, is indicated by the reprints of the two-volume Persian-Russian dictionary, the translation of its Grammar into Persian, and numerous awards and diplomas from the Iranian side as a high assessment of his contribution to research in the field of Iranian and Persian linguistics. Yu.A. Rubinchik worked for several decades and analyzed the results of Yu. A. Rubinchik's scientific activity, his research and publications in the field of grammar, lexicology and lexicography, as well as the phraseology of the modern Persian language. She noted that his scientific work has always been distinguished by the highest quality, thoroughness and thoroughness. G. A. Voskanyan (Military University of the Ministry of Defense) said that the death of Yu. A. Rubinchik is not only his personal grief, since they were close friends and like-minded people for many decades, but also a great loss for Iranian science. He recalled the years of joint study and further work at the Military Institute, a joint trip to Iran, discussions and exchanges of views on the issues under study. And, of course, G. A. Voskanyan touched upon his thorough and painstaking work on the two-volume Persian-Russian dictionary, assessing this dictionary as a huge contribution to the development of Persian linguistics. J. H. Dorry shared his memories of the time of joint participation in the writing of a two-volume Persian-Russian dictionary.

Then the floor was given to the students of Yu. A. Rubinchik. Thus, MS Kameneva (Institute of Oriental Languages of the Russian Academy of Sciences) stressed that she was grateful to fate for the fact that immediately after graduating from the Institute of Oriental Languages at Moscow State University, she brought her together with Yu. A. Rubinchik. Iranian scientists are well aware of his contribution to their field of science - these are fundamental works, as well as numerous articles

and sections in collective monographs on grammar, vocabulary and lexicography, as well as phraseology of the modern Persian language. He was able to organize the work on the Persian-Russian dictionary perfectly, provided the publication with a detailed essay, and as a result, the dictionary is still fundamental for Iranists. Yu. A. Rubinchik was engaged in research on sociolinguistic problems of modern Iran. MS Kameneva noted that as a scientific supervisor Yu. A. Rubinchik was friendly and at the same time very demanding, he demanded from the students of the institute that they S. E. Talibov (MSLU), noting the great achievements of Yu.A. Rubinchik in the field of research of problems of Persian linguistics, elaborated on such an important work of his as "Fundamentals of phraseology of the Persian literary language". In it, the author analyzed almost all varieties of phraseological units, syntactic relationships between components, and the search for options for translating them into Russian. This major work, written on the basis of a doctoral dissertation, gives a complete picture of the structure and functioning features of phraseological units in the Persian language. The importance of this work is great, as phraseological units are widely represented in modern Persian and play an important role in the communication process. V. I. Mesamed (Jerusalem University, Israel) expressed regret over the death of Yu.A. Rubinchik. He stressed that Yuri Aronovich's students are currently successfully working on the path of Iranian studies not only in Russia and the former Soviet Union, but also in foreign countries. An example of this is his own destiny, which has been associated with the University of Jerusalem for many years. V. I. Mesamed noted the great work that Yu. A. Rubinchik invested in each of his graduate students, his demanding approach to writing each scientific work and creative approach to the chosen topic. His scientific works on grammar, lexicography and phraseology of the modern Persian language are widely known to the international Iranian community.

M. S. KAMENEVA

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On May 13, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted a seminar dedicated to the life and activities of the famous Iranian politician Dr. Mohammad Mosaddek (1882-1967). N. M. Mammadova noted that Mosaddek, as a political figure, consistently defended the interests of his country. Despite the fact that in different historical periods the attitude to his personality in Iran was different, the memory of him and his time in power is still alive in the country and abroad.

L. M. Ravandi-Fadai (IB RAS) spoke about the personality of Mohammad Mosaddek, his family and environment, upbringing and education. His mother, Malektaj Firuz, was related to the ruling Qajar dynasty, and she later played an important role in the life of Mosaddegh, influenced the formation of his worldview, including in the field of politics. On his father's side, he came from a well-born Ashtiani family. Later, when he married Princess Zia Soltana, the granddaughter of Nasr al-Din Shah, at the age of twenty, Mosaddegh further strengthened his position in the highest circles of Iranian society at that time.

After completing his primary and secondary education at the age of 16, he began his career as a mostoufi (tax and accounting officer) in Khorasan Province. In 1902, with the opening of a new center for higher education - Madreseye Siyasi (School of Political Science) Mosaddek entered it at the Faculty of Political Science. Not remaining aloof from the constitutional movement in Iran in 1905-1911, he also received a higher education in Europe, at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Paris, from which he successfully graduated with a doctorate. But with the outbreak of the First World War, he returned to his homeland, where he continued to specialize in political science. At that time, he wrote such studies as "Procedural Rulings in civil courts", "Capitulation and Iran" and "Limited Liability Companies in Europe".

Later, together with his associates, who later became well-known politicians, Mosaddek formed a Society for the Dissemination of Knowledge, which

it published, though for a short time, a "Scientific Journal" devoted mainly to the problems of social sciences. 1920-the beginning of the formation of his political career, Mosaddsk is appointed governor of Fars province, where he implements certain reforms. Thus, the use of force in the form of punishment against citizens (stick blows on the heels) was eliminated, and certain problems with taxes were resolved. Already in 1921, he became Minister of Finance under the government of Ahmad Qawam, and in 1923-Minister of Foreign Affairs under the government of Moshir-od-Douls and was re-elected to the Majlis (Iranian Parliament), where in 1925 he opposed the overthrow of the Qajar dynasty, an act, in his opinion, contrary to the constitution of Iran. In the 1920s. Mosaddegh briefly becomes the governor of Azerbaijan. At the same time, he continued his activities as a member of the Mejlis, including during the rule of Mohammad Rsz Pahlavi until his appointment as Prime Minister of Iran in 1951.From 1944, Mosaddek headed the National Front of Iran, an organization that aimed to establish democracy and end foreign presence in Iranian politics and led him to the post of Prime Minister.

I. E. Fedorova's speech was devoted to the US policy in Iran in the period immediately preceding the formation of the Mossad government and during its stay in power. According to the author, US foreign policy at that time was based on two doctrines: the strategy of "containment" of President Truman until 1953 and the concept of "new look", based on the idea of A. Dulles ' tough policy. Moreover, both of them considered Iran as the central link of both the "security belt" and the "Northern Tier" around the USSR. The economic interests of the United States, primarily those of major American oil corporations, were of great importance. Discussions about the need to establish control over Iranian oil have been going on since 1943. There was an opinion that the British government should provide the US government with a third of the Iranian oil at its disposal, as compensation for the US contribution to World War II, which was accompanied by strengthening its position in Iran. The speaker retaliated as an objective factor that for the Iranians, the United States (and not Russia and the United Kingdom) was the third force to rely on. Trade relations between the two countries were actively developing, and military agreements were signed in 1946 and 1950, as a result of which the rearmament and reorganization of the Iranian army took place under strict control of the United States. Personal and business contacts with Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which bypassed the Iranian government, played an important role.

All this happened against the background of an extremely unstable political situation in the country. It was during this period, namely in the autumn of 1949, that the bourgeois-nationalist National Front party was created, headed by Mohammad Mosaddek, which united politicians of different views: from ultranationalist to moderate liberal. Their goal was to oppose all forms of foreign interference in Iran's internal affairs and seek to take over the proceeds of the 1933 agreement with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AINC), which gave the company full control of Iranian oil. This agreement was designed for 60 years, and under it the British government received more in taxes than the Iranian government. An important event in the country's history in the XX century. This was the adoption by the Majlis on March 15, 1951 of the law on the nationalization of AINC oil enterprises, as well as the appointment on April 29, 1951 of M. Mosaddov as the Prime Minister of Iran, whose priority task was to implement this law and bring the country's economy out of the crisis by generating income from the sale of oil.

Further, the speaker analyzes the US policy in Iran during this period, considering it very flexible and far-sighted. An important link in Washington's political activity was the desire to reach a compromise between the UK, which wanted to return the "stolen property" and Iran. It is interesting that at the same time as strengthening contacts with the Mosaddegh government and providing it with financial and economic assistance, the United States supported the political and economic pressure of Great Britain on Iran. So, America sided with the UK when it referred the issue of the oil conflict with Iran to the International Court of Justice in The Hague, which banned Iran from taking any steps to change the position of the AINC. Or support in 1951 for the British ban on the export of goods to Iran, the transportation of Iranian oil, as well as the closure of oil refineries.

factories in Abadan. The boycott of Iranian oil actually led to the blocking of all ways to implement the law on nationalization of the oil industry. As the oil crisis unfolded, the United States itself became increasingly supportive of Britain in the conflict with Iran, fearing that other oil-producing countries would follow suit, and agreed with its idea to overthrow the government of Mosaddegh.

According to I. E. Fedorova, the weak position of Mosaddek also played a negative role. The decision to directly interfere in the internal affairs of Iran was made in January 1953 and in the documents of the American special services was called "Operation Ajax", in which the United States relied on significant forces inside the country. As a result, on August 12, 1953, the Shah issued a decree removing Mosaddegh from the post of prime minister, and on August 17, 1953, the American ambassador in Tehran demanded his resignation. Thus, the active role of the United States can be traced in the removal of M. Mosaddek from power.

X took part in the discussion on the reports. Mahdiyan, E. V. Dunayeva, L. M. Kulagina, M. S. Kameneva, N. M. Mammadova, J. H. Dorry, who raised such topics as the activities of Mosaddek during the Second World War, publications in the Islamic Republic of Iran about Mosaddek. H. Mahdiyan (Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation) noted that the figure of M. Mosaddek in modern Iran is controversial, since he was an aristocrat and advocated the secular nature of the Iranian state. There are a sufficient number of publications about it, both with a positive and negative assessment. Russian Iranian scholars have also done a lot in this direction, but there is still potential, as not all the archives related to Mosaddek have been used. M. Heidarniya (International Foundation for Iranian Studies in the Russian Federation) stressed, in particular, that Mosaddek was a good specialist in the field of law and finance. For the Iranian public, Mosaddegh is a noble, incorruptible and highly respected man, and his trial is a disgrace to Iran.

M. S. KAMENEVA

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On June 24, 2013, a meeting was held in the Iranian sector with the famous Iranian director and screenwriter, President of the Asian Film Academy, Chairman of the jury of the XXXV Moscow International Film Festival Mohsen Makhmalbaf. It was attended by employees of the sector and the center, teachers and students of Moscow universities, fans of Iranian cinema. M. Makhmalbaf was born on May 29, 1957 in Tehran. In his youth, between 1974 and 1979, he took part in anti-government activities, was a member of a political organization that opposed the ruling regime, for which he was imprisoned and was released only with the beginning of the Islamic revolution of 1979. In 1981, he formed and headed the Department of Arts Affairs of the Islamic Propaganda Organization. However, over time, he became disillusioned with the results of the revolution and currently lives and works in France.

M. Makhmalbaf is the author of several novels and short stories, which are published in Persian, English, French, Italian, Arabic, Kurdish, Urdu and Turkish. But first of all, he is known as a bright representative of art-house cinema. Since 1982, he has directed films such as Naseaha's Repentance (1982), Boycott (1985), Peddler (1986), Time of Love (1990) and Nights of Zayanderud (1991). At the Cannes Film Festival in 1995, his famous film "Gabbe" was shown, and in 2001 the film "Kandahar"was released. Already in 1996, M. Makhmalbaf founded his own film company and began teaching. His films have repeatedly won the highest awards. So, "A Moment of Innocence" in 1996 at the Locarno Festival won a special prize, the film " Gabbe "was awarded at the Catalan Film Festival for best director, and the social drama" Cyclist " (1989) won the main award at the festival in Rimini. Also in 1998, two prizes were awarded to Lenta M. Makhmalbafa "Silence" in the competition of the Venice Festival.

During the meeting at the Institute of Oriental Studies, M. Makhmalbaf spoke about his life and work, in particular about the latest film "Sadovnik", presented for non-competitive screening at the Moscow Film Festival. This picture is particularly interesting because

It raises questions related to the Baha'i faith, whose followers are persecuted in Iran and its practice is strictly prohibited. All participants of the meeting were captivated by the famous director's democracy, cordiality and simplicity of communication, his dedication to the art of cinema.

M. S. KAMENEVA

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Within the framework of the research project "India: Prospects for Modern Development", the Center for Indian Studies of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences organized the second conference, which was held on May 15-16, 2013. The conference was international in nature: Professor Emeritus of the Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies, former head of the Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies of the University of Jawaharlala Nehru (India) Ghoshal Baladas. Minister-Counsellor of the Embassy of India in the Russian Federation Arya Sandeep, Deputy Director of the Institute of Information Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, Head of the Center for Indian Studies T. N. Shaumyan delivered opening speeches at the conference. The theme of the conference is "Energy and Energy Security of India". The topic was chosen in connection with the actualization in the XXI century of energy problems in general and their rapidly growing role in the world economy and politics.

Among the many factors of economic growth, the most obvious is the country's endowment with human and natural resources, especially energy. There is no doubt that the impressive growth rate of the Indian economy over the past decades is largely due to the first factor - a rapidly growing population. At the same time, the country's restrictions on energy supply are a significant constraint. Moreover, the dynamics of energy markets dictate their own rules when developing the country's foreign policy. N. B. Lebedeva's report (IV RAS) was devoted to the specifics of forming an energy strategy and the necessary long-term planning.

The concept of "energy security" is increasingly becoming a subject of discussion both within India itself and in the global scientific community. Today, India is one of the world's largest consumers of energy resources, ranking fourth in the world and second in Asia. The fuel and energy sector of this country shows impressive growth rates (about 7% per year), providing the basis for economic growth. A lot of empirical studies have been devoted to the dependence of GDP growth on energy consumption, and an unambiguous correlation has been found between them. A growing economy requires more and more energy resources, but there are limited opportunities to increase national energy production. A.V. Akimov (IB RAS) gave a speech on this issue. IV Deryugina (IV RAS) considered the problem of energy efficiency and energy intensity of agriculture in India.

The country's hydrocarbon reserves are very modest: at the current level of production, natural gas is unlikely to be enough for 25 years, and oil for 20. This is not the case with coal, which India has in excess of 7% of the world's reserves. Coal has historically dominated the country's energy mix. This fact is due to the period of colonial development, as the British were the first to develop coal deposits and imported the necessary technologies into the country. Therefore, following the direction set a century and a half ago until recently, India covered its growing energy consumption by burning coal.

Currently, the key problem of the fuel and energy complex of India remains the shortage of energy resources. There are only two possible ways to overcome the deficit: either reduce consumption by improving energy efficiency and not at the expense of economic growth; or increase production and imports. The first possibility - improving energy efficiency is inextricably linked to scientific and technological progress and the introduction of innovations and is rather technological in nature.

As for increasing national production, India has a number of alternatives. Expanding the use of coal in the country is possible based on the ratio of reserves and consumption, but it is fraught with negative environmental consequences. Very ambitious plans

the government has expressed its opinion on the construction of new nuclear power plants. Despite the fact that India has relatively small reserves of uranium (they are estimated to be enough to raise the installed capacity by just one megawatt), thorium reserves in the country account for a quarter of the world's total.

The political aspects of the nuclear program and related problems were discussed in the report "India: Nuclear Energy and Politics" by F. N. Yurlov (Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Research in the field of nuclear technologies and the development of the peaceful atom in India was also widely presented in the reports of N. B. Lebedeva and A. A. Baklitsky (both from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

Finally, intensive work is being carried out by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources. India, being one of the world leaders in wind energy, is actively developing its water resources and building solar power plants. The total potential of RES (renewable energy sources) in India, according to various estimates, exceeds the current installed capacity of electric power generation. An overview of the current state and prospects for the development of the renewable energy sector was presented in the report of S. R. Rabeya.

N. N. Alekseeva (MSU) drew attention to the fact that the progressive development and improvement of alternative and renewable energy technologies, which will have a positive impact on the country's energy balance, is of considerable importance in the development of the Indian energy complex.

Considerable attention was paid to the analysis of internal aspects of energy development in India. V. P. Kashin and A. A. Bychkova (both IB RAS) made interesting reports on the analysis of the fuel and energy complex of individual states. Recently, the problems related to the construction of large hydroelectric projects that have received widespread coverage were revealed in the reports of A. V. Ivanov (RSUH) and T. O. Svinarchuk (IB RAS).

The issue of climate change, which is inextricably linked to energy, is also important. Today, India is one of the world leaders in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. This is largely due to the fact that coal remains the main source of energy production in the country. Compared to other hydrocarbons - oil and gas - coal-fired power is the least environmentally friendly. There are modern technologies for capturing carbon dioxide, which are widely used in developed countries. However, in India, the use of such "green technologies" is only at an initial stage due to their high cost. Two factors favor the introduction of renewable energy sources: first, as technologies develop, the efficiency increases and the cost of "green energy" decreases; second, the environmental component is increasingly included in the calculation of alternative costs.

Due to its limited resource base, India is forced to import more and more oil and natural gas from abroad. In this context, there are certain difficulties, since the structure of import supplies is dominated by the Persian Gulf countries. Suffice it to say that almost 3/4 of imported gas comes to India from Qatar. Such a structure of imports will create excessive dependence on one region that is not a model of political stability.

This fact encourages the Government of India to expand cooperation with exporting countries, as well as to find new partners. Thus, a number of international energy cooperation projects are being discussed, including with Russia. Indian companies are extremely active in foreign projects and carry out extensive investment activities. However, quite often they face Chinese competitors in emerging markets. N. A. Zamaraeva (Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) emphasized the existence of a confrontation between the interests of India and China in the field of ensuring the safety of energy transportation.

Issues of international cooperation in the energy sector were reflected in several reports. In particular, S. N. Kamenev (IB RAS) spoke on the topic "Assistance of foreign countries in the development of energy in India". I. K. Semenova (IB RAS) considered aspects of trilateral energy cooperation between India, Russia and China within the SCO. Russian-Indian cooperation in the field of energy was presented separately by the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation S. A. Baranov. V. I. Sotnikov (Institute of Chemical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences) devoted his speech to the analysis of cooperation between Russia and India in the field of peaceful use of atomic energy.

Imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) offer a wide range of opportunities for supply diversification. This method of transportation is more economically feasible over long distances. India is actively looking for

new supply contracts and builds regasification terminals on its coast. In addition, the transportation of gas by ships eliminates the need to link to the exporter in the form of a pipeline, and therefore implies less geopolitical risks and does not become the subject of international controversy. A counterexample is the IPI (Iran-Pakistan-India) gas pipeline, which has been under discussion for more than a decade.

It is worth noting that among energy companies, an increasing share is occupied by private capital. The expansion of access to private capital, including foreign capital, was initiated by liberal reforms in the early 1990s, which also affected the energy sector. Such large infrastructure projects as the construction of hydroelectric power plants or nuclear power plants are the absolute prerogative of the central government, since their financing from private capital is difficult to implement. Huge amounts of money must be accumulated in the hands of a single body, and the payback period for such energy projects is decades, which is hardly acceptable for business. For the normal functioning and development of the fuel and energy sector, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of the public and private sectors. It is necessary to create regulatory and legal conditions for stimulating the self-development of the energy industry and ensuring access to private capital.

In conclusion, it is necessary to touch upon the topic of energy cooperation between India and Russia. In this area, our countries have perhaps the greatest number of points of contact and the broadest horizons. India is interested in expanding Russian-Indian cooperation in the energy sector, including mutual investments and joint projects in third countries. Russia is a promising partner with experience, technology and qualified personnel in implementing the nuclear program for India.

S. R. RABEY

INSTITUTE OF ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES, MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY

The ninth All-Russian Olympiad in Persian Language and Literature was traditionally held on January 22, 2013 at the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University. It was organized by the Cultural Representation at the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Russian Federation, the International Foundation for Iranian Studies, which is actively developing its activities in Russia, and the Department of Iranian Philology of the ISAA, which has been headed by Professor V. B. Ivanov for many years. The Olympiad was attended by students of higher educational institutions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Astrakhan, as well as from Dagestan and Ukraine. In total, 34 students took part in various competitions, demonstrating their knowledge in six areas of the Persian language, namely listening, translation, composition, text reading, oral speech, stylistics and grammar, as well as in Persian literature, primarily in the skill of reading Persian poetry.

The Olympiad was opened by MSU ISAA President M. S. Meyer, who noted that the Institute has become a virtual home for participants of the annual Persian language and literature Olympiads. He thanked the Iranian side for its active participation in organizing the Olympic Games. Abuzar Ebrahimi Torkaman, Head of the Cultural Representation at the Iranian Embassy in Russia, read out a welcome letter from Khodad Adel, head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and a member of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, who highly appreciated the role of Russian Iranists in the overall process of Iranian studies. He noted that research in the field of the Russian language and Russian literature is being conducted in Iran, and stressed the importance of translating literary works and scientific literary works both from Persian to Russian and from Russian to Persian.

Then a film was shown dedicated to the outstanding Russian Orientalist-Iranian scholar, a major expert in the field of Persian linguistics, the author of numerous major works on various areas of the Persian language, Yu. A. Rubinchik, who passed away on December 16, 2012. The film followed his path to Iranian studies and noted his great achievements in the study of the Persian language both in his homeland and in Iran.

At the end of the opening ceremony of the Olympiad to the Head of the Department of Iranian Philology of ISAA MSU V. B. Ivano-

The Iranian side awarded Wu a Diploma in recognition of his achievements in the development of Iranian philology and education of young Iranian specialists, and in gratitude for many years of assistance and cooperation in organizing and conducting All-Russian Olympiads in Persian language and literature.

The Olympiad jury traditionally includes prominent Russian specialists, as well as their Iranian colleagues - teachers, including undergraduates and postgraduates studying at Moscow universities.

Competitions were held in six areas of study of the Persian language and literature, which demonstrated the level of knowledge of their participants. The results of the competitions were announced at the closing ceremony of the Olympiad. At the same time, unlike all previous years, the winners in the field of the Persian language were determined only by a set of competitions.

Summing up the results of the Olympiad, Abuzar Ebrahimi Torkaman stressed that Persian is the language of friendship, and this is how it is perceived in Iran. He once again noted that Iran pays great attention to studying the Russian language and translating Russian literature into Persian.

ISAA Director I. I. Abylgaziev and Head of the Moscow office of the International Foundation for Iranian Studies Mohsen Heidarniya noted the great work done by representatives of the Iranian and Russian sides and expressed hope for the continuation of the tradition of holding such Olympiads.

The ceremony of summing up the results of the Olympiad began with the presentation of a special prize to G. A. Voskanyan for the "Russian-Persian Dictionary" published in Iran. According to Abuzar Ebrahimi Torkaman, G. A. Voskanyan's dictionary occupies a special place among the recently published dictionaries. It is also important that this is the result of joint work of a Russian scientist and an Iranian specialist in Russian studies, Mohsen Shojai, who acted as a consultant. Torkaman announced that G. A. Voskanyan was selected as the Person of the year in Iran and awarded a certificate of honor.

Two competitions were awarded separate prizes at the Olympiad. In literature (written form), the first place was won by a student of RSUH M. Bondar, and in the competition for reading a literary text and oral speech, E. Safarov from St. Petersburg State University won. According to the aggregate of competitions, the first place was taken by ISAA student N. Tolstova, the second place went to I. Filonenko, and the third place was taken by E. Zinchenko, both representatives of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). All participants of the Olympiad were awarded certificates of honor.

M. S. KAMENEVA

Chelyabinsk

On April 4-5, 2013, the second international scientific conference "The Fate of National Cultures in the context of globalization" was held, organized by the Faculty of Eurasia and the East of Chelyabinsk State University together with the Regional Branch of the Russian Association of Linguists and Ornithologists.

The conference was held on the eve of the faculty's 15th anniversary. Since 1998, the faculty has started training international specialists in relations with the countries of the East. At the moment, the training is conducted according to the program of classical fundamental education, which combines international relations, Oriental studies, political and economic sciences, and the study of European and Eastern languages. The highly professional staff of teachers, the availability of foreign specialists, and the university's extensive international relations with language centers in China, Japan, Egypt, Tunisia, Syria, the CIS countries and Europe are an excellent basis for training young specialists. The Faculty has 550 graduates who successfully work not only in Russia, but also in more than 20 countries around the world. The team is active in scientific activities, organizes international conferences, teachers and students have participated in more than 350 international and Russian conferences, forums and symposiums. Teachers have published more than 40 educational and 50 methodological manuals. The Faculty offers postgraduate courses in Political Institutions, Processes and Technologies (political sciences). Since 2000, the periodical "Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University" has been published.

university", ser. 10 " Political sciences. Oriental Studies".

By the beginning of the conference, two volumes of materials were published, including 226 articles. Many Russian universities were represented, including 31 representatives from 12 countries: Finland, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Israel, Iran, Italy, China, Poland, and the United States.

The following issues were discussed during the conference: cross-cultural communication, cross-cultural competence and problems of globalization, Eastern philology in the context of a dialogue of civilizations, the problem of creating national and translated dictionaries, terminological data banks, transformation of national value systems in the context of globalization, representation of national consciousness in the modern information space, literature in a changing world.

The conference was attended by about 250 participants, 78 of whom made presentations and presentations at two plenary and five breakout sessions. Among the speakers were recognized linguists, philosophers, historians, psychologists, cultural scientists, political scientists, literary scholars not only from Chelyabinsk universities, but also from other Russian cities, as well as researchers from Israel, China, Finland and Estonia.

You can note the good technical equipment of the classrooms, including small ones, where the section meetings were held, which allows you to accompany reports and messages with multimedia presentations using audio and video fragments.

The conference had a linguistic and philological bias. But also, which seems quite natural, the general declared topic could not but include questions of cultural studies and literary reception.

The following presentations were made at the plenary sessions::

V. G. Budykina (Head of State University) spoke about serious obstacles in the development of positive factors of higher education globalization due to differences in national systems. Some linguistic and extralinguistic problems were considered, the solution of which is necessary for the harmonization of the terminology of higher professional education in the Russian Federation. Further development of the terminology of Russian higher professional education is characterized by globalization, which as a linguistic phenomenon is contrasted by the author with such phenomena as unification and internationalization.

K. Ya. Averbukh (MSPU) considered the historical aspect of the formation of the language of professional communication in the XX century. In 1933, in Madrid, O. Wüster and E. Dresen put forward a proposal to introduce Esperanto as a means of international professional communication in science and technology. However, this language was not adapted for the needs of professional communication due to the lack of a sufficient number of terms in it (despite the fact that for a long time it successfully served as a means of universal communication, through which representatives of different linguistic communities successfully communicated, poems and prose were written in it). In the 1960s, terminology was enriched by the theory of languages for special purposes. Now the issue of adequate transmission of information that contributes to the elimination of entropy to the maximum extent possible is put on the agenda - information is a measure of orderliness.

I. A. Golovanov (ChSPU) spoke about the constants of national consciousness in Russian folklore at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. research. I. Kernerman (Israel) in his report "Lingua Franca, mother tongue and educational lexicography: creating a global series of educational dictionaries" identified the reasons for the formation of English as a language of international communication; described the evolution of English monolingual dictionaries for educational purposes, which, in turn,are used in the development of the Russian language. According to the author, they made a significant contribution to the development of lexicography as a science; interesting data were provided on the adaptation of borrowed words (mainly from English) in national languages, sometimes with some grammatical changes S. G. Ter-Minasova (MSU) sees threats in promoting the global language, which is now played by English. The author sees some threats to the main means of forming national identity, namely, the national language and related culture, in the penetration of foreign culture and leveling the native one.

V. G. Kuznetsov (MSLU) made an attempt to clarify the concept of an implicitly motivated language sign developed by the Swiss linguist Sh. Bally, implying that the study of implicit motivation can be a source of ethno-cultural information.

E. A. Sinetskaya (Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) shared her conclusion based on the study of the social history of China in modern and contemporary times. It is fiction (domestic and foreign) that informs the reader what to strive for or, conversely, what to avoid; these same sources inform the researcher about what happens in the soul of a person and his relationship with the surrounding world during periods of social bifurcations. Ge Canhong (Beijing, China) in her report "Alternatives to modern Chinese literature against the backdrop of globalization" presented the works of writers Mo Yan and Xue Mo as authors who advocate the values of their native culture, contrasting them with those who focus their work "on the rapid flow of globalization". So, Mo Yan describes the customs of his native village, expressing love for his fellow countrymen, and Xue Mo, being a Buddhist, shows interest in the eternal questions of being. Protasova (University of Helsinki, Finland) noted that experience shows that a person's relationships with representatives of other cultures are determined not only by how well they know these cultures, but also by their general communicative competence and level of tolerance.

Breakout sessions were held on the following topics:: "Theoretical and methodological problems of studying national cultures in different paradigms of knowledge", "National spiritual culture: traditions and innovations"," Intercultural communication, intercultural competence and problems of globalization", " Oriental Studies in the context of a dialogue of civilizations. Dialogue of cultures of the West, East and Russia"; "Problems of representation of national consciousness in the modern information space".

The floor for the presentation was given equally to both the professor and the graduate student. Thus, E. I. Golovanova (Prof.In her report "Universal and national-cultural features of the linguistic personality of a scientist", she spoke about the research conducted at the faculty on the linguistic features of Russian linguists who lived at different times, but were united by belonging to the same national culture: V. I. Dahl (1801-1872) and V. P. Timofeev (1931-2004). With the emergence and development of the anthropocentric paradigm in world science, which puts a person as a subject of knowledge in the center of the whole picture of the world, the scientist, his style of thinking, the ratio of rational and irrational in his cognitive activity begins to attract the attention of psychologists, specialists in computer science, science studies, artificial intelligence, and, of course, linguists.) emphasized the impact of presentation on actualization and retention of the object in the addressee's mind. Master's degree student D. V. Vozchikov (Ufa State University. B. N. Yeltsin) presented the materials of the first British Embassy to China, headed by J. R. R. Tolkien. Makartnssm (1793) as a kind of milestone separating the periods of perception of China in Europe: "the pink legend of the XVIII century and the black legend of the XIX century".

The conference was held in a friendly atmosphere, with fruitful and sometimes heated discussions.

E. A. SINETSKAYA

ULAANBAATAR MONGOLIA

On April 27-29, 2013, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, hosted the Seventh Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democratic Countries of the World (ODS), an intergovernmental international organization established in Warsaw in 2000 to strengthen democratic values and institutions, protect human rights, and promote democracy on a national and global scale. The organization consists of 150 states.

The conference was organized by Mongolia, which positions itself on the world stage as a leader of democracy in Northeast Asia and enjoys international recognition. That is why, on July 7, 2011, at the ODS conference in Vilnius, she was nominated for the post of chairman of this organization for a two-year term.

During this time, ODS has acquired the necessary organizational structures: a 25-member governing board of governors has been established, an executive committee has been elected, and a General secretary has been appointed.

At the initiative of Mongolia, a group on democratic education was organized under the ODS, which included the Presidents of the two countries.

Finland, Nigeria, Romania, Mongolia and the Prime Minister of Luxembourg. The Group developed and submitted to the UN a resolution on the development of democratic education, which was approved at the 67th session of the General Assembly.

Events such as the International Forum of Women Leaders and the first informal Asia-Pacific ministerial Meeting were held in Ulaanbaatar, and an Asian information network was established.

These and a number of other initiatives were put forward by Mongolia within the framework of its five priority areas of activity in ODS: development of democratic education, strengthening cooperation of ODS member countries in the NEA region, expanding cooperation with civil societies, sharing experience with other countries, and eliminating corruption.

Finally, the preparation of a special national committee headed by Prime Minister N. Altankhuyag and the holding of the Seventh Ministerial Conference became a significant factor in the activities of the ODS.

The conference was held at a high representative level: the President of Nigeria and the Prime Minister of Thailand, the Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Costa Rica, the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, El Salvador, Tunisia, Sweden, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and more than 30 other countries, as well as UN Under-Secretary-General Qasim Zhamar Takayev, the High Representative of the European Union the European Union for Foreign Affairs, Vice-President of the European Commission for Foreign Policy and Security Affairs K. Ashton; head of the National Democratic League of Myanmar, Nobel Peace Prize winner, parliamentarian, legendary Aung San Suu Kyi; a well-known human rights activist from Yemen, Nobel Peace laureate Twakkol Karman, etc. Representatives of all international organizations working in Mongolia participated: UNDP, IMF, Asian Development Bank, World Bank, etc.

A total of 1,200 delegates from 104 countries took part in the VII ODS Conference. As the Mongolian press put it, "the whole world is contained in Mongolia."

The grand opening of the conference took place on April 27 in the Great Hall of the State Residence. It was opened by the Head of the Government of Mongolia N. Altankhuyag, who delivered a welcoming speech to the delegates and a long report on the success and problems of democracy in Mongolia. According to him, Mongolia has something to be proud of and show the world: In the 24 years since the victory of the democratic revolution (1990) and the collapse of the communist regime, a stable system of democratic institutions has been established in the country: a democratic parliament, a constitutional court and an independent judiciary, a free press and free elections, and a democratic society where human rights are respected. The market economy is developing successfully - 70% of GDP is created in the private sector, and economic growth in recent years has averaged 11-12%, with more than 14% expected in 2013. N. Altankhuyag especially noted the main role played by the Democratic Party of Mongolia in the country's transition to the path of democracy. Since May 2012, it has been the ruling party, and the newly formed reformist Government focuses on ensuring transparency, openness and transparency in its work.

Speaking about the problems, the Prime Minister noted the poverty of a part of the population, the bureaucracy of many officials and, of course, corruption. To solve these problems and preserve democratic values, first of all, it is necessary to develop cooperation between the state authorities and civil society, and steadily increase the level of public participation in state affairs. In conclusion, N. Altankhuyag presented a kind of report on the work done by Mongolia as Chairman of the ODS.

The main work of the conference was held in the form of meetings of five forums: parliamentary, women's, civil society representatives, business forum and youth.

The meetings were held behind closed doors and in the form of posing, discussing and making decisions on relevant issues. Thus, the forum of parliamentarians was held under the motto "For Democracy" and focused in its decisions on improving parliamentary morality and strengthening parliamentary control over the actions of the authorities, on fighting corruption, protecting human rights and providing free information to citizens.

The motto of the women's forum was "Strong Women strong Democracy". Its organizers and leaders were the women's faction in the Great State Hural of Mongolia and the National Women's Committee. The Forum brought together 125 representatives of the Governments of the United States, Canada, the Republic of Korea, Cambodia, Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Azerbaijan, and Argentina, as well as representatives of a number of non-governmental women's organizations and international organizations, and

experts of the International Institute of the Republican Party of the USA. The forum's decisions reflect the need to strengthen the fight for women's rights, for the elimination of discrimination based on gender, for solving problems of motherhood, health and child rearing, etc.

At the civic forum, discussions focused on enhancing the role of citizens and NGOs in public affairs, the interrelationships and interdependence of government institutions and civil organizations. A permanent program of SOD activities for the development of civil society was adopted.

In the decisions of the business forum, the main thing was to justify the need to create favorable legal conditions for doing business and ensure transparency of business transactions.

The Youth Forum focused on the problems of overcoming youth unemployment and especially on the need to develop democratic youth education.

A cross-cutting theme at all the forums was the problem of fighting corruption - the main obstacle to the development of democracy.

At the final plenary session, the so-called Ulaanbaatar Declaration was adopted, which accumulated the decisions of five forums and confirmed the participants ' intentions to strengthen the activities of ODS in supporting more democratic governance in their countries, in the development and protection of democratic values. In the Declaration, Mongolia's performance as Chair of the ODS was highly appreciated. Speakers at the closing session: Aung San Suu Kyi and Prime Minister of Thailand Yu. Chinnawat praised Mongolia's democracy.

The Republic of El Salvador has become the new Chairman of the ODS.

There is no doubt that the summit of democratic countries will contribute to the growth of Mongolia's prestige in the international arena and the expansion of its international relations. Thus, already during the conference, the High Representative of the European Union K. Ashton and the Minister of Foreign Affairs L. Bold signed an agreement on partnership relations between the EU and Mongolia. At the same time, the Mongols themselves are aware - and this was reflected in the responses to the conference in the country - that democracy in Mongolia is still very young, that it still occupies a middle position in terms of freedom of the press, freedom of expression, and doing business, and that it still has a lot of work to do for its further development, first of all, to eliminate population.

M. I. GOLMAN

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