There is a well-known saying: "Books have their own destiny." The fate of books is of considerable interest to the history of culture, especially those whose content and form did not correspond to long-established ideas. The path of such publications to the reader is not always smooth. The content of the first printed books was, with few exceptions, familiar and well-known, and their form imitated the appearance of manuscripts. But even in the history of traditional books (in terms of content and form), critical moments periodically occurred. Old printed publications with a circulation of 1.5 - 2 thousand copies. The number of copies sold was estimated at a rate that was determined by the socio-political situation and transport opportunities in the country. Rather quickly, although in a small number of copies, publications crossed the borders of ethno-linguistic territories. The length of active life of these books was determined by a number of factors. Textbooks failed especially quickly. Children who learned to read and write from them sometimes did not treat them with special respect. Most of the circulation of such publications died within 20-30 years. Only single copies that were previously exported abroad were preserved. There they lay on the shelves of libraries and waited for their time, which came when scientists began to take an interest in them. Similarly, the fate of ephemeris developed, the content of which is closely related to the social and political life of the era. These are, as a rule, small-volume leaflets, calendars, eulogies to the ruling persons. The life of books intended for liturgical practice was longer. But even then there came a time when the publication lost its previous functionality. Over time, the font graphics changed, the spelling was clarified, and new editions of the same work appeared. The reforms of Patriarch Nikon in the 1650s led to the withdrawal from circulation of liturgical books of the XVI-first half of the XVII century, ... Читать далее