By Volodymyr PUKHLIY and Valentyna TKACHENKO, researchers of the Council on Productive Forces Studies at the National Academy of Ukraine * * * At the present stage of civi - lization development the uniqueness and value of the human race-the aggregate of biological creatures-were finally comprehended. Along centuries the laws of it reproduction has been studied by the pundits in such a "sociostatistical" discipline as demography. As of today, they are unanimous in the opinion that the accelerated growth of the Earth's population, especially evident during the last third of the 20th century, stipulated not only positive realities, but also caused exacerbation of problems in such spheres as economy (e. g., supply of energy, raw and food resources), social organization (spread of hunger, poverty and unemployment), ecology (disequilibrium in the environment rehabilitation), as well as national and ethnic relations (separatism, terrorism). The interaction of these complex realities entitle us to view them as global problems, that is, of the kind that are inseparable from each other, able to spread uncontrolled, and, in some instances, not liable to be held on tight rein. The said makes the political leadership of various countries to take through intergovernmental negotiations concerted decisions concerning cooperation in the matter of neutralizing the negative consequences of the current and future demographic development. All this is being carried out with each country conducting demographic policy commensurate with its own interests and intended to optimize the process of population replacement in accord with scientifically grounded criterions of socioeconomic expedience. In independent Ukraine, such policy is only starting to be formed. To define its goals it is highly important to define current and perspective problems of the process of the replacement of generation that have concluded their life cycle. To the solution of this task would be стр. 78 contribut ... Читать далее