A. S. GERASIMOVA Candidate of Philological Sciences Afghanistan has experienced many hardships in the past century: coups d'etat, a long-standing civil war that continues to this day, the presence of foreign troops on the territory of the state, the transformation of the country into a world center for drug production, supplying the rest of the world with its products, and other troubles. The result of this was a ruined economy, appalling poverty of the population, and a massive exodus from the country. According to various sources, 2 - 2.5 million people left Afghanistan out of the 13.5 million pre-war population. The most educated representatives of the Afghan people emigrated from Afghanistan, which significantly drained the national culture. At the very beginning of the twenty-first century, after the entry of NATO troops into Afghanistan, a relative order was created in the country: a constitution was adopted, supposedly democratic parliamentary and presidential elections were held, schools and universities were operating, as well as the media. Some representatives of the Afghan culture returned from emigration to their homeland. However, a significant part of the country's territory is beyond the control of the central government, and terrorist attacks are not uncommon in the capital, claiming the lives of dozens of civilians. In a word, peace has not yet come to the long-suffering land of Afghanistan. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Afghan national culture, and literature in particular, is developing in the twenty-first century. mostly outside of their own country through the efforts of writers from Afghanistan. Their main achievement and a kind of phenomenon can be considered the formation of the genre of the modern Afghan realistic novel. The first examples of this literary genre appeared in the literature of Afghanistan relatively late: in Nadari literature in the 30s-40s of the XX century, 1 in Pashto literature - in the 70s. At the turn of the ... Читать далее