V. V. Skalsky (Kiev), V. V. Shevchenko (Kiev)
From July 2 to 27, 2012, Lviv hosted the third Summer School "Jewish History and Culture of Central and Eastern Europe of the XIX-XX centuries", organized by the Center for Urban History of Central and Eastern Europe (director-Sofia Diak, academic coordinator-Irina Matsevko).
20 students - young scientists, undergraduates, museum workers, journalists-were offered 7 courses presented by scientists from Ukraine, Israel and Poland. The lecture cohort was represented by: Dr. Vladimir Levin (Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Dr. Semyon Goldin (Center for Russian and Eastern European Jewry Leonid Nevzlin, Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Dr. Joanna Lisek (Faculty of Jewish Studios, University of Wroclaw), Prof. Maksim Gon (Rivne State University for the Humanities), PhD. singing rob. We are Khaylo Tyagly (Ukrainian Center for the Study of the History of the Holocaust), PhD. singing rob. Vasyl Rasevich (Institute of Ukrainian Studies named after I. Kripyakevich NASU). In addition, guest lectures and presentations were given by Dr. Arkady Zeltser, Pyotr Pilyuk and Sofia Gracheva.
With great interest, the students of the summer school listened to Dr. V. Levin's course "from tradition to modernity: the Jews of the Russian Empire in the "long XIX century". In the course of his reading, there were constant discussions, scientific disputes, and debates around the issues raised by the lecturer. And thanks to this, in addition to some factual material, it was possible to enrich oneself with new views on a particular problem in Jewish history, in particular, in the Ukrainian expanses.
A logical continuation of the previous course was the lectures of Dr. S. Goldin, during which the school participants had the opportunity to find out the essence of the Jewish enlightenment and modernization processes in this ethnic environment using the example of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The subject of active discussions was the so-called "Jewish question" and its role in the national movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as the impact of the First World War on the formation of the"new Europe".
V. Rasevich devoted his lectures to the legal emancipation of the Jews of the Habsburg Empire proper, in particular in Galicia. He noted the ambivalence of this process: the Austrian rulers sought to turn the Jewish population into "useful" citizens, but the supporters of the old autonomist life of the Jewish community strongly resisted outside interference and protested against the elimination of Jewish religious and national autonomy.
After taking the courses of Dr. Y. In the course of the first lesson on traditional and modern Jewish cultures, the students were introduced to the basic concepts of Judaism, the specifics and function of Jewish ritual spaces, such as a mikvah or cemetery, the main Jewish rituals related to the cycles of human life, the Jewish calendar, and the principles of kosherism. Lectures on the avant-garde Jewish culture of the first half of the 20th century, Yiddish literature, Jewish theater and cinema, the origin and development of which are largely connected with Ukraine and Central and Eastern Europe, contributed to overcoming stereotypes about Jews.
Professor M. Ghosn's course "Ukrainian-Jewish relations in the Western Ukrainian lands between the two World Wars" was devoted to the political positioning of the Jewish population of Galicia to the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, the economic "march on the city" of Ukrainians and the resulting interethnic tension, German and Nazi
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factors as determinants of relations between Ukrainians and Jews. The lecturer also elaborated on the image of the "communist Jew", which, in his opinion, actively functioned on the territory of Western Ukraine.
The school participants were extremely interested in a series of lectures by V. Nauk. sorob. M. Tyaglyogo "The Holocaust in Ukraine". First of all, a heated discussion was caused by the terminological problems of this topic, the practice of using the concepts of "genocide", "Holocaust", "Shoah", "Poraimos", etc. A large discussion, taking into account the scientific and social significance, turned around the question of the culture and politics of the memory of the Holocaust in Ukraine, its comparison with other genocides. Various opinions were also expressed regarding collaboration, the attitude of the non-Jewish population to the genocide of Jews, the vision of the "Jewish question" by the Ukrainian nationalist movement, and so on.
Students of the summer school also successfully completed an intensive course on Yiddish language learning at the basic level (teacher-y. Lisek). This will allow them to significantly enrich their study of the history of Jewry, and young scientists - to expand the source base and introduce at least some of the documents in one of the Jewish languages stored in the central, departmental and regional archives of Ukraine, to attract journalistic and fiction literature, periodical press in Yiddish to their research.
It is worth noting that the Summer School included excursions to Lviv, towns in Western Ukraine associated with the Jewish community and the Jewish Studies department of the Lviv Museum of the History of Religion, which left not only wonderful impressions, but also some materials for future research. In the context of the stated theme of the school, its participants also visited the exhibition of the world-famous artist Artur Shik "man of dialogue "(Lviv, Gary Bowman Art Gallery) and several specially organized film screenings with presentations and discussions.
Undoubtedly, the organization of the Third Summer School "Jewish History and Culture of Central and Eastern Europe of the XIX-XX centuries" was effective. Another 20 young people had the opportunity to get consultations, exchange experience and opinions with leading experts from other countries. After all, such communication always provides an opportunity to perceive already known information in a new way, gain new knowledge and be in the context of the latest scientific and social trends.
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V. V. Skalsky, V. V. Shevchenko, III Summer SCHOOL "Jewish History and CULTURE of CENTRAL and Eastern Europe of the XIX-XX centuries" // Chisinau: Library of Moldova (LIBRARY.MD). Updated: 24.12.2023. URL: https://library.md/m/articles/view/III-Summer-SCHOOL-Jewish-History-and-CULTURE-of-CENTRAL-and-Eastern-Europe-of-the-XIX-XX-centuries (date of access: 09.11.2024).
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