questions:

1. State and dynamics of security of military service in the unit (compound).

2. Organization of work to ensure the security of military service in the unit (compound).

The state of security of military service is one of the most pressing military and social problems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation at the present stage. Without addressing the issues of reducing the physical and moral and psychological injuries of personnel, the state has no right to expect an increase in the prestige of military service.

1

In recent years, Russian state authorities, the Ministry of Defense, and the General Staff of the Armed Forces have carried out a significant amount of work to ensure the safety of military service and reduce deaths and injuries of personnel.

In January 1995. The Government Commission on Social Issues of Military Personnel, Citizens Dismissed from Military Service, and Members of their families approved a plan of state measures to improve the system of measures and bodies to ensure the safety of military personnel during their military service.

The Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation issued an order in November 1994 ?400 "On measures to prevent the death and injury of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", which provides for a set of measures to improve this work in the troops (forces).

Directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation ?D-10 of July 15, 1997 "On improving the security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" approved the Concept of Military Service security and a Comprehensive plan for improving the work of military management bodies to ensure the security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2000.

By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation ?457 of October 12, 1998 "On the establishment of commissions for the security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" approved the model regulations on commissions and defined the composition, tasks and basic principles of organizing the activities of these commissions.

Despite the fact that the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have singled out the issues of preventing deaths and injuries and, in general, ensuring the safety of military service in the Armed Forces as priority areas of their activities, the level of security of military service remains low.

So, in 1998, the death rate increased by almost 2% per 1 thousand military personnel-from 0.62 to 0.65. The highest losses of personnel were associated with violations of the security requirements of military service and accidents - 28.8% of the total number of deaths, as well as with road accidents-22.7%. Injury and morbidity rates for military personnel remain high. The number of suicides that occurred while performing official duties is 22.4%, and the number of deaths as a result of intentional and unintentional murders is 15.2%.

In 1998, compared to the previous year, the number of crimes related to non-statutory relationships increased by almost half. The number of drug trafficking crimes has increased by a third.

On December 22, 1998, under the leadership of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Marshal of the Russian Federation I. D. Sergeev, a meeting of the Board of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was held, which for the first time considered the issue of the state of security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the tasks of improving the efficiency of military management bodies in ensuring it in 1999.

The Board of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has identified the elimination of deaths of military personnel and the reduction of injuries as the main task of ensuring the safety of military service.

Assessing the actual state of security of military service in a particular unit (compound) is an important task. It should be noted that the criteria for the effectiveness of the activities of military administration bodies and officials of the military service security unit are the state, level and dynamics of death (death), injuries and morbidity of military personnel.

The state of security of military service is the absolute number of cases of death (death), injuries, and morbidity of military personnel for a certain period of time in a subdivision, unit, or compound.

The level of security of military service ( BVS) is a relative value obtained by the ratio of the security status of military service to a certain number of military personnel.

Sociologists of the Military University distinguish several levels of security of military service: very high, high, medium, low and critical.

A very high level of UAV characterizes a condition when in a part (connection) there are no cases of death (death), as well as injuries and morbidity of military personnel associated with labor losses. The total number of injuries and illnesses of military personnel without loss of ability to work does not exceed 20% of the number of personnel of the unit, compound.

A high level of MENA is characterized by the absence of deaths (deaths) of military personnel. Cases of injuries and morbidity of military personnel do not exceed 40% of the number of personnel, of which there are no more than 5-7% with labor losses.

The average level of MENA characterizes the absence of cases of death (death) of military personnel. Cases of injuries and morbidity of military personnel do not exceed 60% of the number of personnel, of which no more than 30% are related to labor losses.

With a low level of MENA, there are isolated cases of death (death) of military personnel. Cases of injuries and morbidity of personnel do not exceed 80% of the number of personnel, including with labor losses - no more than 30%.

The critical level of MENA characterizes a situation where the death of military personnel is a systematic phenomenon. Cases of injuries and morbidity of personnel associated with labor losses exceed 50% of the number of personnel.

Dynamics of military service safety is a cumulative indicator that characterizes changes in the state and level of the entire array of deaths (deaths), injuries and morbidity of military personnel.

When analyzing the state and dynamics of the security of military service in a unit (compound), the following tasks are solved::

1) the most characteristic, significant indicators that have the greatest impact on the state of security of military service are determined;

2) the most typical circumstances and causes of death (death), injuries and morbidity of military personnel are highlighted;

3) it is established which of the causes and circumstances of death (death), injuries and morbidity of military personnel tend to increase or decrease during the period under review.

Analysis of military practice shows that among the circumstances of the death of military personnel, the leading position is occupied by:

- violations of the rules for handling weapons and military equipment;

- suicides of military personnel;

- safety violations during classes and at home;

- traffic accidents;

- murders, including on the basis of hazing relationships;

- diseases.

When assessing the level of injuries to military personnel, one should proceed from two indicators::

1) the level of injuries to military personnel related to labor losses;

2) the level of injuries to military personnel without labor losses.

Injuries are mainly caused by the same circumstances and causes that lead to the death (death) of military personnel.

Data on injuries, morbidity and death of military personnel for a unit (compound) can be analyzed by divisions; by categories and service periods of military personnel; by circumstances and reasons; by time of year, day, day of the week; by the nature of injuries and diseases; by the place of injury, etc.

The obtained statistical results for a more detailed analysis and clarity are made out in the form of various tables, graphs, and diagrams that are used during the summing up period with various categories of military personnel.

Thus, in order to establish the real state of security of military service in a unit (compound) and develop optimal measures to ensure it, it is necessary, using generally accepted indicators (death, injuries and morbidity of military personnel), to determine the level of security of military service as a percentage of the number of personnel.

2

Currently, ensuring the security of military service in the Russian Armed Forces is regulated by the laws of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", "On the status of Military Personnel", general military charters, orders and directives of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Defense Minister Marshal of the Russian Federation Igor Sergeev emphasizes that ensuring the security of the military service requires a set of drastic measures covering all areas of activity of the Armed Forces, and the most decisive actions on the part of all military management bodies.

The statutes of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation define the general duties of all the main officials of the regiment (ship of the 1st rank), including the security of military service.

The system of work to ensure the security of military service is the activity of commanders, staffs, educational work bodies and other officials aimed at creating and maintaining such conditions of military service that exclude (minimize) the influence of dangerous factors on military personnel.

The main tasks of the system of ensuring the security of military service in a unit (compound) are::

1) neutralizing the actions of negative factors that reduce the level of security of military service;

2) organization of optimal management of all categories of military personnel in the course of daily activities.

The main organizing element of the military service security system in a unit (compound) is the commander. In his work, he relies on the staff, his deputies, and heads of services.

Work on ensuring the security of military service is organized in the following areas::

- ensuring injury safety and trouble-free operation during combat duty, guard duty, during combat training, operation of weapons and military equipment;

- ensuring personal safety and trouble-free operation during repair, construction and household work, as well as when performing other tasks in daily activities;

- prevention of suicides of military personnel and violations of the statutory rules of relations between them;

- carrying out medical security measures for military service;

- organization of fire protection and environmental protection measures.

Successful solution of security problems of military service largely depends on high-quality planning of this type of activity.

Planning of measures to ensure the security of military service is organized in accordance with the principles of consistency, complexity and purposefulness. It should ensure day-to-day management of this process on the part of the commander, participation in solving problems of preventing deaths and injuries among the personnel of all officials, consistent implementation of this work in each of the areas, effective use of all possible and well-established forms and methods of influencing all categories of military personnel.

According to the requirements of the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 457 of October 12, 1998 "On the establishment of commissions for the security of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", the work of commissions is organized according to an annual plan approved by the relevant commander (chief).

If necessary, the commission on the security of military service may include sub-commissions for ensuring a certain type of activity of troops (forces).

A written report on the results of the commission's work is submitted to the relevant commander (chief) and to the commission of a higher military administration body:

- in part - monthly;

- in the connection - quarterly.

The reports show the state of security of military service in the troops( forces), the implementation of the annual work plan of the commission, indicate the shortcomings identified during specific measures, proposals for their elimination, analyze the state of deaths and injuries of personnel during the reporting period, and attach statistical materials.

In battalions (divisions, squadrons, ships of the 3rd rank), measures to ensure the security of military service are included in the monthly action plans for maintaining law and order, improving the service of troops and ensuring the security of military service; in companies and their equal divisions, they are provided for in the lesson schedules. The main attention is paid to organizing training of personnel to meet security requirements in daily activities, monitoring compliance with security requirements in the direct performance of tasks, explaining the importance and significance of strict compliance with security requirements for preserving the life and health of military personnel, as well as conducting educational activities to unite military units, maintain a healthy moral and psychological situation in them, violations of the statutory rules of relations between military personnel and suicides.

We focused on the general provisions in the system of work of officials to ensure the security of military service. But each part (compound) has its own specific tasks, which impose characteristic features on the daily activities of military personnel. Based on this, when solving security problems of military service in a particular unit, it is necessary to take into account its specifics.

Thus, ensuring the security of military service in modern conditions is an important factor in the combat readiness of units and formations. The effectiveness of ensuring the security of military service depends on the purposeful activities of all officials aimed at training and educating military personnel in the spirit of personal responsibility for the state of security of military service, as well as at neutralizing the effects of negative factors and creating safe living conditions for personnel.

Colonel Vladimir KUZNETSOV, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Military Social Work and Moral and Psychological Support of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Lieutenant Colonel Yuriy YURCHENKO, Associate Professor of the Department

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