Methodical class: CHARTERS OF THE ARMED FORCES-HISTORY AND MODERNITY The abolition of serfdom in 1861 and the development of capitalist relations in Russia necessitated changes in the system of recruitment and education in the Russian army. Therefore, in 1874, a decree was adopted on the introduction of universal military service while reducing the service life of ordinary personnel. Now this period was 15 years. Moreover, 6 years were allocated to active service and 9 years of being in the reserve. At the same time, "A decree is issued on the complete abolition for the lower military ranks of the military land department of driving through the ranks and punishing spitsrutenami and on a significant change for these ranks of all corporal punishment in general." It should be noted that in 1863, along with other charters, for the first time a separate document appears "Regulations on Disciplinary Penalties", which was revised by the order of the Military Department of 1869 "in connection with the accumulated experience of their application" and became an independent Disciplinary Charter. The characteristic features of this charter include: a pronounced political orientation (military duty is primarily associated with the protection of the throne from external and internal enemies); a clear definition of military discipline, which was understood as " strict and accurate observance of the rules prescribed by military laws "; putting rites of honor in the first place in the duties of military personnel to observe military discipline that is, "respect for superiors and seniors in rank, both in service and out of service "; removing any responsibility from military personnel for the accurate and unquestioning execution of the order of the chief and assigning full responsibility for the consequences of executing the order to the person who gave it. The charter set out requirements for the nature of the relationship between a superior and a subordinate in the spirit of Ru ... Читать далее